the present study aims to investigate language learners’ cognitive processes in on-line esp courses. three modes of inquiry are used: think-aloud protocol analysis, screen capture analysis, and correlation analysis. the theoretical foundations for the evaluation of the cognitive aspect of ferdowsi univeristy of mashhad e-learning system are drawn from cognitive load theory, cognitive apprentice...

The main aim of the present paper is to outline a theoretical framework of instruction based on the elements of two major approaches of cognitivism and constructivism. To begin with, the paper introduces the notion of instructional design and discusses the importance of psychology of learning and instruction in designing instructional models. Further, the paper identifies the prototypical schem...

ion transactions Abstraction instructional transactions enable the learner to acquire class, subclass, and instance relationships between knowledge objects. Abstraction transactions promote the ability to transfer or use a skill acquired for one set of instances or subclasses with a new8 set of instances or subclasses. Abstraction transactions enable the learner to generalize knowledge by acqui...

background: above all methods effective learning results from decent training, acquired in the proper environment and encouraging creative methods. computer-assisted training by educational software is considered a fundamental measure to improve medical and dentistry education systems. this study aims to design and assess fixed dental prostheses via 2 multimedia instructional contents at the gu...